In modern research, the value p = 0.05 often functions as a magical cliff edge. If a result lands on 0.049, it is celebrated as a discovery; if it lands on 0.051, it is dismissed as noise. This rigid threshold determines funding, publication, and drug approvals. Yet, there is no mathematical derivation that proves 0.05 is the "correct" threshold for truth. It is arguably the most influential number in science, but its dominance is essentially an accident of history—a fossil o

The Parable of the Two Exams In science, we often treat the p-value as a definitive verdict on reality. If a study reports a "significant" result ( p < 0.05 ), we assume the effect is real. If it reports a "non-significant" result ( p > 0.05 ), we assume the effect doesn't exist. However, statistics are not a direct measure of reality; they are a measure of uncertainty . And uncertainty depends entirely on the design of the experiment, not just on the subject's talent. To und

I often hear from colleagues that stainless steel implants are stronger than titanium ones, and from others that the opposite is true. It turns out both are right, depending on what you mean by "strong." I created a chart of the most common implant materials used in traumatology in Granda EduPack, based on the most up-to-date database (2023). The fatigue graphs are from the same source. When we talk about a material being "strong" for an implant, we're often bundling several

My Comments on the Article You can find my letter to the editor here . The authors' reply can be found here . This study demonstrates significant effort by the researchers, whose primary concern was whether the working length of an implant affects its stress/strain. For this, they used constructs with different working lengths and measured the strain at the middle part of the plate. They stated that they chose four-point bending to ensure a constant bending moment along the l

Occasionally, implants do not function as we planned due to technical mistakes. In other instances, it may be because there are usage...